Lab 6-2 Factors Affecting Reaction Rate

Purpose:
The purpose of this experiment is to test the affect of three different concentrations of acetic acid on sodium bicarbonate.

Hypothesis:
If the concentration of acetic acid is related to the affect on sodium bicarbonate, then the higher the concentration of acetic acid then the quicker the sodium bicarbonate will dissolve.

Materials:

• 3 beakers 
• Stopwatch 
• Acetic Acid (Vinegar)
• Sodium Bicarbonate 

Procedure:

1. Label beakers A, B and C or 1, 0.1 and 0.01
2. Fill Beaker A/1 with 100 ml of Acetic acid
3. Fill Beaker B with 50 ml of Acetic Acid and 50 ml of water. Pour half of the beaker B into the beaker C and add 50 ml of water. Add 25 ml of  acetic acid and 25ml water to beaker B. 
4. Prepare your stopwatch and place a table spoon of sodium bicarbonate into beaker A. Record the time from when the sodium bicarbonate is placed into the water to when it is completely dissolved.
5. Repeat step  5 but place a table spoon full into beaker B 
6. Repeat step 5 instead of beaker A place the sodium bicarbonate  into beaker C 

Observations:

Observations of the Rate Reacting Times

Concentration of Acetic Acid                            Time                       Observations
1 M                                                                  1:10.3                     White bubbles form rapidly then
                                                                                                        evaporate
0.1 M                                                               1:59.5                     White bubbles form quickly then
                                                                                                        evaporate
0.01 M                                                             3:07.3                      White bubbles formed quickly then
                                                                                                         evaporated but formed throughout the
                                                                                                         duration it took to dissolve
Discussion:
   In our hypothesis we stated the higher the concentration the quicker it would dissolve the sodium bicarbonate. The experiment proved the hypothesis correct the most efficient concentration to dissolve the sodium bicarbonate was the highest concentration.It took a minute and 10 seconds for  the sodium bicarbonate to dissolve completely in the highest concentration of acetic acid. In the procedure I mentioned to add a spoon full of Sodium bicarbonate to each solution which could have been a fault in the experiment. A spoon full is not exactly an exact measurement and that is where a mistake could have taken place. If I could have done it over again I would have made the measurements exact so the results would have come out exact. I would have also done the tests more than one time time find the average and  more precises.

Conclusion:
    We proved our hypothesis correct during the experiment when the highest concentration took less time to dissolve the sodium bicarbonate, the exact time it took to dissolve the bicarbonate was 1:10.3. It was clear that the concentration was related to the rate of reaction when the lowest concentration took 3:07.3 to dissolve the bicarbonate.
 

Lab 6-2: Factors Affecting Reaction Rate

Purpose:
The Purpose of this experiment is to test temperatures and how they affect reactions and reaction times.

Hypothesis: 
If temperature change is related to the performance of dissolving the tablet in cold water will decrease the time of dissolving.

Materials:

• Three Beakers 
• Room temperature water (22 Degrees) 
• Ice water(Cold water 10 Degrees) 
• Hot water (Boiling water 90 Degrees)
• Thermometer 
• Three halves of Alka Seltzer Tablets
• Stopwatch 

Procedure:

1.  Prepare your hot water and bring it to a boil. Record the temperature of the hot water and make sure it is at 90 degrees. 
2. Fill the beaker with 100ml of hot water
3. Place half of the Alka Seltzer Tablet into the hot water.
4.  Record the time from when it was placed in to when it's dissolved 
5. Prepare a beaker filled with 100ml of room temperature water. (22 degrees) 
6. Place half of the Alka Seltzer Tablet into the beaker. 
7. Record the time from when the tablet was placed into the water to when it is completely dissolved. 
8. Prepare a beaker filled with cold water(100ml) with the temperature of 10 degrees.
9. Place half of the Alka Seltzer Tablet into the cold water.
10. Record the time from when it is placed in to when it is dissolved.

Observations:

Observations and Results of  the Reaction Rate 

Temperatures of Water                              Time                             Observations 

Hot Water - 90 Degrees                            0:15.5 Seconds            White bubbles form quickly 

Room Water - 22 Degrees                         0:51.4 Seconds           White bubbles form relatively quick

Cold Water - 10 Degrees                           1:40.8 Seconds           White bubbles form slowly and continue                                     

                                                                                                      to form though out the time it took to 

                                                                                                      dissolve

Discussion:
 During this experiment we tested how the different levels of concentrations can affect the speed and times of reactions. We proved our hypothesis correct because the cold water slowed down the rate of which the tablet reacts with the water. It took the tablet 1:40.8 seconds to react with the cold water which proves our hypothesis correct. The tablet reacted the quickest with the hot water with the time of 15.5 seconds. We made sure that everything was the same and the temperatures were correct the only flaw was the tablets. Since the tablets had to be split in half the sizes could have been uneven even if they looked symmetrical. If the tablets had a difference in sizes it could have affected the reaction times majorly. If I could have done this differently I would made sure that the tablets were exactly the same throughout the experiment.

Conclusion:
    Our results proved our hypothesis correct when the cold water took the  longest out of all the tests to react with the tablet. The approximate half of an Alka Seltzer tablet took 1:40.8 seconds to dissolve completely in cold water. The fastest out of all the tests was the hot water at 90 degrees it took the tablet 15.5 seconds to dissolve. With the time of 51.4 seconds the room temperature comes in in the mid way mark between the cold and hot water.